E hiki mai ana ka puna.E nā hoa mahiʻai, ua mākaukau ʻoe no ka ʻōʻōlau puna?Mākaukau ʻoe no ka hua kiʻekiʻe?ʻAʻohe mea āu e kanu ai, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hele a puni i nā pesticides.Ua ʻike paha ʻoe i kēia ʻano kūlana ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides e pepehi i nā pests a pale i nā maʻi, hiki i kekahi poʻe ke loaʻa ka hopena wikiwiki a ʻo kekahi ʻaʻole kūpono.
Ma muli o kēia pilikia, ua komo paha ʻoe i ʻekolu mau maina—koho hewa ka pesticide, hoʻohana hewa i ka pesticide, a hui hewa i nā pesticides.Nui nā kikoʻī i maʻalahi ke nānā ʻole ʻia i kēia mau minefield.E hele mai a ʻike inā ʻo ʻoe?
Minefield 1 - ke koho hewa ʻana i nā pesticides
I mea e pale aku ai i ke koho ʻana i nā lāʻau pesticides hewa, pono e makaʻala nā hoa mahiʻai i ka hahai ʻana i nā mea—e ʻike i nā pesticides maoli, ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā pesticides, a me ke kuhikuhi ʻana i nā mea kūikawā no ka maʻi!
1. E ʻike i nā pesticides maoli
Ke kūʻai ʻana i nā lāʻau pesticides hoʻopunipuni a i ʻole nā pesticides haʻahaʻa loa, e loaʻa ana ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole a nui ka pohō.A laila aia kekahi akamai e kūʻai i nā pesticides maoli?
ʻO ka mea mua, i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā pesticides pono mākou e ʻike maopopo e pili ana i ka lepili, ka helu palapala, a me ka lā ma ka pā.E ho'āʻo e kūʻai i nā pesticides brand i hana ʻia e nā mea hana nui.A e hele i kēlā mau hale kūʻai mea mahiʻai me ka inoa kiʻekiʻe, ka ʻike loea a me ka hana maʻamau.
2. Ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā pesticides
Pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā huahana pesticide maikaʻi i ka hoʻololi ʻana.No ke ʻano o nā mea kanu, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides me ka hoʻohana hoʻokahi a i ʻole ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides like ʻole me nā ʻano like e hoʻonui ai i ke kūʻē ʻana o nā pests a hōʻemi i ka hopena hoʻomalu.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā pesticides pūhui hiki ke hōʻemi maikaʻi i ka hopena o ka pale ʻana i ka lāʻau.
3. E kūʻai i nā pesticides e like me nā hōʻailona
Makemake kekahi poʻe e hahai i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā lāʻau pesticides me ka nānā ʻole ʻana inā ʻo ia nā pest a i ʻole nā maʻi like.Hoʻopili wale lākou e kūʻai i nā mea a nā poʻe e kūʻai ai, a hoʻololi i kekahi a hoʻohui i nā huahana ʻē aʻe inā ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka hopena.ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole kūlike ka pesticide a me nā maʻi.ʻAʻole hoʻi e pale i nā maʻi a i ʻole nā pests, ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻopaneʻe i ka manawa maikaʻi loa o ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana.A e loaʻa ka pōʻino lāʻau.
No laila, e aʻo hou a ʻike hou aʻe, e hoʻonui i kou mau maka ponoʻī.E nānā mua i nā pest a i ʻole nā maʻi, a laila e hele i nā mea hana a i ʻole nā hale kūʻai mahiʻai e koho pono i nā huahana!
Minefield 2 - Hoʻohana hewa i ke ʻano
Aia kekahi pilikia maʻalahi e mālama ʻole ʻia - ka hui ʻana o nā mea hoʻohui.ʻO ka absorption kūloko, permeability a me ka conductivity o nā pesticides he hopena nui i kona hoʻohana.ʻO ka hui ʻana o nā mea hoʻohui kūpono e kūpono i ka hopena o nā pesticides.
1. Mechanism of internal absorption
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pesticides i loko o nā mea kanu ma o nā aʻa, nā ʻōpala, nā lau a me nā ʻanoʻano, a hoʻopuehu ʻia a pālahalaha ʻia i loko, i hiki iā lākou ke paʻa no kekahi manawa, a i ʻole e hana i nā metabolites pesticide me ka hana insecticidal ikaika.Make nā pests ke ʻai lākou i ka ʻiʻo lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole ke kohu.
2. ʻO ka mīkini hoʻoheheʻe
Komo nā pesticides ma ka ʻili o ka ʻili (cuticle) o nā mea kanu.Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke ʻano o ke komo ʻana i ka cuticle penetrating a me ka stoma penetrating, a ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou ka ʻano mua.
Ke hoʻopuʻi ʻia ka pesticide ma luna o ka ʻili o nā mea kanu a i ʻole nā pesticide, ʻo ka papa wax ma luna o ka ʻili o nā mea kanu a me nā pests e paʻakikī i nā kulu pesticide e komo a pili, no laila ua nalowale ka wai pesticide a ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka hopena.No laila, ʻo ka wettability a me ka permeability o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka pesticide ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wai he hopena nui i ka pono.ʻO kekahi o nā ala e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka maikaʻi ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā surfactants me ka pulu maikaʻi a me ka permeability.
Hiki i ka hoʻohana pono ʻana o ia mau mea hoʻohui ke hāʻawi i ka pāʻani piha i ka pono o nā pesticides, ʻaʻole wale e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻohana pono ʻana o nā pesticides, akā e hōʻemi hoʻi i ka pollution i ke kaiapuni, e kūʻē i nā kūlana ʻino i ka noi, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono.No ka laʻana, no ke kāpeti, scallion a me nā huaʻai waxy ʻē aʻe, maʻalahi ka wai pesticide.Hoʻohui i ka silicone, ka ʻaila ʻalani ʻalani, Bayer dichloride, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka wai, maikaʻi loa ka hopena.
Ma ke ʻano he insecticide pyrethroid i hoʻopaʻa inoa nui ʻia, maʻalahi ka hoʻohana ʻana o Bayer dipyridamole a he palekana maikaʻi loa ia;i ka manawa like, hiki iā ia ke pale a hoʻomalu i nā ʻōpala nui a liʻiliʻi;he mea waiwai a loaʻa ka lakio hoʻokomo-puka kiʻekiʻe;loaʻa iā ia ka hopena synergistic i ka hui ʻana me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe;hiki ke hoʻokuʻu koke i nā pests!
Minefield 3 - Hoʻohana hewa
ʻO ia ka manawa a me ke ʻano o ka noi.
1. Ka manawa noi kūpono ʻole
ʻAʻole maʻa ka nui o nā mea kanu i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides a hiki i ka nui o nā maʻi a me nā pests.No ka laʻana, ʻo ka manawa maikaʻi loa e hoʻomalu ai iā Pieris waho, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau pesticides ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lua o nā larvae, aʻo kekahi poʻe mahiʻai e hoʻohana wale i nā pesticides i ka wā i ulu ai ka Pieris waho a ʻelemakule.I kēia manawa, ua pili ka pōʻino o Pieris waho i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu a me nā poho.
2. Ke ala noi hewa
Ke hopohopo nei kekahi mau mea kanu ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka hopena o ka mana, no laila hoʻonui lākou i ka dosage ma ka makemake.Manaʻo lākou ʻoi aku ka nui o ka dosage a me ka nui o nā manawa a lākou e hoʻohana ai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena.ʻAʻole kēia e hoʻoulu wale i nā koena pesticide, akā hoʻomaikaʻi hoʻi i ke kūʻē ʻana o nā maʻi a me nā pests insect.ʻO ka mea nui, he maʻalahi loa ka hana ʻana i ka pōʻino pesticide.
I mea e hoʻopakele ai i ka hana, hui makapō kekahi poʻe i nā ʻano fungicides, insecticides, foliar fertilizer, mea hoʻoponopono ulu a pēlā aku.Manaʻo lākou ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pesticides i hui ʻia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena hoʻomalu.ʻO ka hopena, loaʻa nā mea kanu i nā pesticides a pohō ka poʻe mahiʻai.
No laila, pono mākou e hoʻohana i nā pesticides e like me ke ʻano i kuhikuhi ʻia, ke ʻano, ka pinepine a me ka wā palekana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-16-2021