Mu 2020, zochitika za mankhwala abodza komanso otsika kwambiri zimawululidwa pafupipafupi.Mankhwala abodza samasokoneza msika wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, komanso amabweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa alimi ambiri.
Choyamba, Kodi mankhwala abodza ndi chiyani?
Ndime 44 ya “Malamulo okhudza kasamalidwe ka mankhwala ophera tizilombo” ku China imati: “Chilichonse mwa zinthu zotsatirazi chidzatengedwa ngati mankhwala abodza: (1) mankhwala osaphera tizilombo amaperekedwa ngati mankhwala;(2) mankhwala ophera tizilombo amenewa amapatsirana ngati mankhwala ena;(3) mitundu ya zinthu zogwira ntchito zomwe zili mu mankhwala ophera tizilombo sizigwirizana ndi zinthu zothandiza zomwe zalembedwa pa lebulo ndi malangizo a mankhwalawo.Mankhwala oletsedwa, opangidwa kapena kutumizidwa kunja popanda kulembetsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo mwalamulo, ndi mankhwala opanda zilembo azitengedwa ngati mankhwala abodza.
Chachiwiri, Njira zosavuta zosiyanitsira mankhwala abodza ndi otsika.
Njira zosiyanitsira mankhwala ophera tizilombo abodza ndi otsika amafotokozedwa mwachidule monga zotsatirazi kuti ziwonekere.
1. Dziwani kuchokera palemba la mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso mawonekedwe ake
● Dzina la mankhwala ophera tizilombo: dzina la mankhwala pa lebulo liyenera kusonyeza dzina lofala la mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kuphatikizapo dzina lodziwika bwino m’Chitchaina ndi Chingelezi, komanso maperesenti ndi fomu ya mlingo.Mankhwala obwera kunja ayenera kukhala ndi dzina la malonda.
● Chongani “masatifiketi atatu”: “masatifiketi atatu” akutanthauza nambala ya satifiketi ya mankhwala, nambala ya satifiketi yopangira (YABWINO) ndi nambala ya satifiketi yolembetsa mankhwala.Ngati palibe ziphaso zitatu kapena ziphaso zitatuzo sizikukwanira, mankhwala ophera tizilombo amakhala osayenerera.
● Funsani za mankhwala ophera tizilombo, chizindikiro chimodzi cha QR code chimagwirizana ndi malo ogulitsa ndi kulongedza okhawo.Nthawi yomweyo, zidziwitso za satifiketi yolembetsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, tsamba lamakampani opanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo, chilolezo chopanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo, nthawi zamafunso, kulembetsa kwenikweni kwamakampani ndi malonda amakampani opanga kungathandize kuweruza ngati mankhwalawo ndi owona kapena ayi.
● Zosakaniza zogwira mtima, zomwe zili ndi kulemera kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo: ngati zosakaniza, zomwe zili ndi kulemera kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo sizikugwirizana ndi chidziwitso, akhoza kudziwika ngati mankhwala abodza kapena otsika.
● Mtundu wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo: chizindikiro chobiriwira ndi mankhwala ophera tizirombo, chofiira ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, chakuda ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, buluu ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo chikaso chimateteza zomera.Ngati chizindikirocho sichikugwirizana, ndi mankhwala abodza.
● Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mabuku: Chifukwa cha kuchulukana kosiyanasiyana kwa mankhwala opangidwa ndi opanga osiyanasiyana, njira zawo zogwiritsira ntchito sizifanana, apo ayi ndi mankhwala abodza.
● Zizindikiro za poizoni ndi njira zodzitetezera: ngati palibe chizindikiro cha poizoni, zizindikiro zazikulu ndi njira zothandizira, chitetezo cha chitetezo, nthawi yachitetezo ndi zofunikira zapadera zosungirako, mankhwala ophera tizilombo amatha kudziwika ngati mankhwala abodza.
2. Dziwani kuchokera ku maonekedwe a mankhwala
● Ufa ndi wonyowa ufa uzikhala wosasunthika wokhala ndi mtundu wofanana komanso wosaphatikizana.Ngati pali caking kapena particles zambiri, zikutanthauza kuti wakhudzidwa ndi chinyezi.Ngati mtundu suli wofanana, zikutanthauza kuti mankhwala ndi osayenera.
● Mafuta a emulsion adzakhala amadzimadzi ofanana popanda mvula kapena kuyimitsidwa.Ngati stratification ndi turbidity kuonekera, kapena emulsion kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi si yunifolomu, kapena pali emulsifiable kuganizira ndi precipitates, mankhwala osayenera mankhwala.
● The kuyimitsidwa emulsion ayenera mafoni kuyimitsidwa ndipo palibe caking.Pakhoza kukhala pang'ono stratification pambuyo kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, koma ayenera kubwezeretsedwa pambuyo kugwedezeka.Ngati zinthu sizikugwirizana ndi zomwe tafotokozazi, ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
● Ngati piritsi la fumigation liri mu mawonekedwe a ufa ndikusintha mawonekedwe a mankhwala oyambirira, amasonyeza kuti mankhwalawa akhudzidwa ndi chinyezi ndipo ndi osayenera.
● Njira yamadzimadzi ikhale yamadzimadzi yofanana popanda mvula kapena zolimba zoyimitsidwa.Nthawi zambiri, kulibe mvula yamkuntho ikatha kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi.
● Ma granules ayenera kukhala ofanana kukula kwake ndipo asakhale ndi ufa wambiri.
Zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi njira zingapo zosavuta zodziwira mankhwala ophera tizilombo abodza komanso otsika.Kuphatikiza apo, pogula zaulimi, ndi bwino kupita kugawo kapena msika wokhala ndi malo okhazikika abizinesi, mbiri yabwino, ndi "chiphaso chabizinesi".Kachiwiri, pogula zinthu zaulimi monga mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi mbewu, muyenera kufunsa ma invoice kapena ziphaso ngati pangakhale zovuta m'tsogolomu, Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko odandaula.
Chachitatu, General makhalidwe abodza mankhwala
Mankhwala abodza nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi izi:
① Chizindikiro cholembetsedwa sichikhala chokhazikika;
② Pali mawu ambiri otsatsa, omwe ali ndi chidziwitso cha "kuwonetsetsa zokolola zambiri, zopanda poizoni, zopanda vuto, zotsalira".
③ Lili ndi zomwe zili muzabodza ndi zotsatsa za kampani ya inshuwaransi.
④ Lili ndi mawu onyoza zinthu zina, kapena mafotokozedwe oyerekeza mphamvu ndi chitetezo ndi mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo.
⑤ Pali mawu ndi zithunzi zomwe zimaphwanya malamulo okhudzana ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
⑥ Chizindikirocho chili ndi zomwe zikuyenera kutsimikizira m'dzina kapena chithunzi cha magawo ofufuza za mankhwala ophera tizilombo, magawo oteteza zomera, mabungwe amaphunziro kapena akatswiri, ogwiritsa ntchito, monga "malangizo a akatswiri ena".
⑦ Pali "kubweza ndalama kosavomerezeka, zolemba zamakampani a Inshuwaransi" ndi mawu ena odzipereka.
Choyamba, Zitsanzo za mankhwala ophera tizilombo abodza ku China
① Metalaxyl-M·Hymexazol 50% AS ndi mankhwala abodza.Pofika pa 26 Jan 2021, pali mitundu 8 ya zinthu za Metalaxyl-M·Hymexazol zomwe zavomerezedwa ndikulembetsedwa ku China kuphatikiza 3%, 30% ndi 32%.Koma Metalaxyl-M·Hymexazol 50% AS sinavomerezedwepo.
② Pakalipano, "Dibromophos" zonse zogulitsidwa pamsika ku China ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.Dziwani kuti Diazinon ndi Dibromon ndi mankhwala awiri osiyana ndipo sayenera kusokonezedwa.Pakadali pano, pali zinthu 62 za Diazinon zovomerezeka ndikulembetsedwa ku China.
③ Liuyangmycin ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo okhala ndi macrolide opangidwa ndi Streptomyces griseus Liuyang var.griseus.Ndi acaricide yochuluka yokhala ndi kawopsedwe kakang'ono komanso zotsalira, zomwe zimatha kuwongolera nthata zosiyanasiyana m'mbewu zosiyanasiyana.Pakadali pano, mankhwala a Liuyangmycin pamsika ku China onse ndi mankhwala abodza.
④ Pofika kumapeto kwa Januware 2021, pali zinthu 126 za kukonzekera kwa Pyrimethanil zovomerezeka ndikulembetsedwa ku China, koma kulembetsa kwa Pyrimethanil FU sikunavomerezedwe, chifukwa chake utsi wa Pyrimethanil (kuphatikiza chigawo chomwe chili ndi Pyrimethanil) chogulitsidwa pamsika. zonse ndi mankhwala abodza.
Chachisanu, Kusamala pogula mankhwala ophera tizilombo
Kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinthuzo sikugwirizana ndi zokolola zakomweko;mtengo ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa wazinthu zofanana;akuganiziridwa kuti ndi mankhwala abodza komanso otsika mtengo.
Chachisanu ndi chimodzi, Kuchiza mankhwala abodza komanso otsika mtengo
Kodi tiyenera kuchita chiyani tikapeza mankhwala abodza?Alimi akapeza kuti agula zinthu zaulimi zabodza komanso zosaoneka bwino, ayambe apeza ogulitsa.Ngati wogulitsa sangathe kuthetsa vutoli, mlimiyo atha kuyimba foni "12316" kudandaula, kapena kupita ku dipatimenti yoyang'anira zaulimi kuti akadandaule.
Chachisanu ndi chiwiri, Umboni uyenera kusungidwa poteteza ufulu
① Gulani ma invoice.② Kuyika matumba azinthu zaulimi.③ Mapeto owerengera ndi mbiri ya kafukufuku.④ Lemberani kuti umboni usungidwe komanso kusungitsa umboni.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-16-2021