Spring ikubwera.Okondedwa alimi, kodi mwakonzeka kulima kasupe?Kodi mwakonzekera zokolola zambiri?Ziribe kanthu zomwe mutabzala, simungayende kuzungulira mankhwala ophera tizilombo.Kodi mudakumanapo ndi izi pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena kupewa matenda, anthu ena amatha kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu pomwe ena sangakhale abwino.
Poganizira vutoli, mwina munalowa m’malo atatu otchera mabomba—sankhani mankhwala molakwika, gwiritsani ntchito molakwika mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi kusakaniza molakwika mankhwala.Pali zambiri zomwe ndizosavuta kunyalanyazidwa m'minda yamigodi iyi.Bwerani mudzawone ngati muli?
Minefield 1 - kusankha kolakwika kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo
Pofuna kupewa kusankha mankhwala ophera tizilombo olakwika, alimi anzawo ayenera kulabadira zinthu zotsatirazi—kuzindikira mankhwala enieni ophera tizilombo, kasinthasintha wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi kupereka mankhwala apadera a matendawo!
1. Dziwani mankhwala enieni ophera tizilombo
Kugula mankhwala abodza kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo otsika, ndikotsimikizirika kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa ndipo kungayambitse kutayika kwakukulu.Ndiye kodi pali luso lililonse logulira mankhwala enieni ophera tizilombo?
Choyamba, pogula mankhwala ophera tizilombo tiyenera kuwona bwino lomwe chizindikirocho, nambala ya satifiketi, ndi tsiku lomwe lili pa phukusi.Yesani kugula mankhwala ophera tizilombo opangidwa ndi opanga zazikulu.Ndipo pitani kumalo ogulitsa zida zaulimi omwe ali ndi mbiri yayikulu, chidziwitso chaukadaulo komanso magwiridwe antchito okhazikika.
2. Kasinthasintha wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo
Mankhwala abwino ophera tizilombo amayenera kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kasinthasintha.Ziribe kanthu mtundu wa mbewu, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi limodzi kapena yaitali ntchito chimodzimodzi kapena angapo mankhwala ndi makhalidwe omwewo kumawonjezera kukana kwa tizirombo ndi kuchepetsa kulamulira kwenikweni.Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo kungathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kukana mankhwala.
3. Gulani mankhwala ophera tizilombo malinga ndi zizindikiro zake
Anthu ena amakonda kutsata pogula mankhwala osayang'ana ngati ndi tizirombo kapena matenda omwewo.Amangotsatira kugula zomwe ena amagula, ndikusintha kwa wina kapena kuwonjezera zinthu zina ngati zotsatira zake sizili bwino.Zotsatira zake, mankhwala ndi matenda sizigwirizana.Osateteza matenda kapena tizirombo, kapena kuchedwetsa nthawi yabwino yopewera ndi kuwongolera.Ndipo padzakhala kuvulaza mankhwala.
Chifukwa chake, phunzirani zambiri ndikuwona zambiri, kulitsani maso anu odziwika.Choyamba fufuzani tizirombo kapena matenda, kenako pitani kwa opanga ovomerezeka kapena m'masitolo aulimi kuti musankhe mankhwala makamaka!
Minefield 2 - Njira yolakwika yogwiritsira ntchito
Palinso vuto losavuta kunyalanyazidwa - kuphatikiza koyenera kwa zowonjezera.The mayamwidwe mkati, permeability ndi conductivity wa mankhwala zimakhudza kwambiri ntchito yake.Kuphatikizika koyenera kwa zowonjezera kumathandizira kuphatikizika kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
1. Njira ya mayamwidwe mkati
Mankhwala ophera tizilombo amalowetsedwa muzomera kudzera mumizu, zimayambira, masamba ndi mbewu, ndipo amamwazika ndikufalikira mkati, kuti athe kusunga kwakanthawi, kapena kupanga ma metabolites ophera tizilombo okhala ndi mphamvu zowononga tizilombo.Tizilombo timafa tikamadya minofu yamankhwala kapena kuyamwa.
2. Permeation makina
Mankhwala kudutsa pamwamba wosanjikiza (cuticle) zomera.Limagwirira wa malowedwe akhoza pafupifupi kugawidwa mu olowa cuticle ndi lolowera stoma, ndipo ambiri a iwo ndi mtundu woyamba.
Mankhwala akapopera pamwamba pa mbewu kapena tizirombo, sera pamwamba pa mbewu ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zimapangitsa kuti madontho ophera tizirombo alowe ndi kumamatira, motero madzi ophera tizilombo amatayika ndipo mphamvu zake zimachepa kwambiri.Choncho, kunyowa ndi kutsekemera kwa kukonzekera kwa mankhwala pambuyo pa kuchepetsedwa kwa madzi kumakhudza kwambiri mphamvu zake.Imodzi mwa njira zowonjezera mphamvu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma surfactants omwe ali ndi madzi abwino komanso otsekemera.
Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera zowonjezera zotere kungathandize kuti mankhwala ophera tizirombo azitha kugwira bwino ntchito, osati kungowonjezera mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, komanso kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe, kukana nyengo yoyipa pakugwiritsa ntchito, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.Mwachitsanzo, kabichi, scallion ndi masamba ena waxy, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi osavuta kukhetsa.Onjezani silikoni, lalanje peel zofunika mafuta, Bayer dichloride, etc. mu madzi, zotsatira zake ndi zabwino kwambiri.
Monga mankhwala ophera tizilombo olembetsedwa kwambiri, Bayer dipyridamole ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo ali ndi chitetezo chabwino kwambiri;panthawi imodzimodziyo, imatha kuteteza ndi kulamulira tizilombo tating'onoting'ono;ndiyopanda ndalama ndipo ili ndi chiŵerengero chapamwamba chothandizira-zotulutsa;ali ndi zoonekeratu synergistic zotsatira akasakaniza ndi mankhwala ena ophera;imakhala ndi mphamvu yolowera ndipo imatha kugwetsa tizirombo mwachangu!
Minefield 3 - Kugwiritsa Ntchito Molakwika
Ndi nthawi ndi njira ntchito.
1. Nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito yosayenera
Alimi ambiri sazolowera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo mpaka matenda ndi tizirombo takula.Mwachitsanzo, nthawi yabwino yolamulira Pieris rapae ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo mphutsi zisanayambike, pamene alimi ena amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo pamene Pieris rapae wakula mpaka ukalamba.Panthawiyi, kuwonongeka kwa Pieris rapae kwakhudza kukula kwa zomera ndikuwononga.
2. Njira yolakwika yogwiritsira ntchito
Alimi ena amadandaula kuti kuwongolera sikuli bwino, kotero amawonjezera mlingo mwakufuna kwawo.Amaganiza kuti akamamwa mankhwalawa komanso akamaugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino kwambiri.Izi sizidzangowonjezera zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo, komanso zimathandizira kukana matenda ndi tizilombo towononga tizilombo.Chofunika kwambiri, ndikosavuta kuwononga mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Pofuna kupulumutsa ntchito, anthu ena amasakaniza mwakhungu mitundu yonse ya fungicides, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, feteleza wa foliar, zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu ndi zina zotero.Iwo akuganiza kuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo akamasakanizidwa kwambiri, m’pamenenso zotsatira zake zowononga zizikhala zabwinoko.Zotsatira zake, mbewu zimawonongeka ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndipo alimi amawonongeka.
Choncho, tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala molingana ndi mlingo, njira, pafupipafupi ndi chitetezo interval.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-16-2021