Chitubu chiri kuuya.Vadikani murimi, magadzirira here kurima muchirimo?Wagadzirira goho repamusoro here?Hazvina mhosva kuti unodyara chii, haumbofa wakatenderedza mishonga yezvipembenene.Wakambosangana nemhando iyi yemamiriro ese uchishandisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene kana kudzivirira zvirwere, vamwe vanhu vanogona kukurumidza kuita asi vamwe vachikanganisa.
Nekuda kwedambudziko iri, unogona kunge wakapinda munzvimbo nhatu dzine zvimbambaira-sarudza mushonga zvisizvo, shandisa mushonga zvisizvo, uye sanganisa mishonga yezvipembenene zvisizvo.Pane zvakawanda zvakawanda zviri nyore kufuratirwa mumigodhi iyi.Huya uone kana uriwe?
Minefield 1 - kusarudzwa kwemishonga yezvipembenene isiriyo
Kuti vadzivise kusarudza mishonga isiriyo, shamwari dzevarimi dzinofanira kungwarira kutevera zvinhu—kuziva mishonga yezvipembenene yechokwadi, kutenderera kwemishonga yezvipembenene, uye kutsanangura zvakakosha zvechirwere!
1. Ziva mishonga yezvipembenene yechokwadi
Kutenga mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yemanyepo kana mishonga yezvipembenene yakaderera, zvine chokwadi kuwana zvakaipa uye zvinokonzeresa kurasikirwa kukuru.Ipapo pane unyanzvi hupi nohupi hwokutenga mishonga yezvipembenene chaiyoiyo here?
Chekutanga, kana tichitenga mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene tinofanira kuona zvakajeka nezve label, nhamba yechitupa, uye zuva riri pasuru.Edza kutenga mishonga yezvipembenene inogadzirwa nevagadziri vakuru.Uye enda kune izvo zvitoro zvekurima zvine mukurumbira, ruzivo rwehunyanzvi uye mashandiro akaenzana.
2. Kutenderera kwemishonga yezvipembenene
Mishonga yakanaka yezvipembenene inofanirawo kushandiswa mukutenderera.Hazvina mhosva kuti mbesa rudzii, kushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene kwenguva imwe chete kana kwenguva refu yemishonga imwe chete kana yakawanda ine hunhu hwakafanana kunosimudzira kurwisa kwezvipembenene uye kuderedza kudzora.Kushandisa zvimwe zvigadzirwa kana mishonga inouraya zvipembenene inogona kuderedza zvinobudirira njodzi yekuramba zvinodhaka.
3. Tenga mishonga yezvipembenene zvichienderana nezviratidzo
Vamwe vanhu vanofarira kutevedzera kana vachitenga mishonga yezvipembenene vasingatarise kana zviri zvipembenene kana zvirwere zvakafanana.Vanongotevera kutenga zvinotengwa nevamwe, uye kuchinja kune imwe kana kuwedzera zvimwe zvigadzirwa kana mhedzisiro yacho isiri yakanaka.Nekuda kweizvozvo, mushonga wezvipembenene nezvirwere hazvienderane.Kana kudzivirira zvirwere kana zvipembenene, kana kunonoka nguva yakanakisisa yekudzivirira nekudzivirira.Uye kuchava nekukuvara kwezvinodhaka.
Saka, dzidza zvakawanda uye ona zvakawanda, wedzera yako yekuziva-maziso.Kutanga tarisa zvipembenene kana zvirwere, wozoenda kune vanogadzira zviri pamutemo kana zvitoro zvekurima kuti usarudze zvigadzirwa zvakananga!
Minefield 2 - Yakashata kushandisa nzira
Pane zvakare dambudziko riri nyore kufuratirwa- zvine musoro kuunganidzwa kwezvinowedzera.Kunyura kwemukati, permeability uye conductivity yemishonga inouraya zvipembenene ine simba guru pakushandiswa kwayo.Kuunganidzwa kunonzwisisika kwezvinowedzera kunobatsira pakuita kwemishonga yezvipembenene.
1. Mechanism yekunyura mukati
Mushonga wezvipembenene unopinzwa muzvirimwa kuburikidza nemidzi, madzinde, mashizha nemhodzi, uye wakaparadzirwa uye wakapararira mukati, kuitira kuti vagone kuchengetedza imwe nguva yenguva, kana kugadzira mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene ine simba rekuuraya zvipembenene.Zvipembenene zvinofa kana zvikadya pamuti wemuti wemishonga kana muto.
2. Permeation mechanism
Mishonga inouraya zvipembenene inopinda nepamusoro pedenga (cuticle) yezvirimwa.Iyo nzira yekupinda inogona kukamurwa zvakaganhurwa kuita inopinda cuticle uye inopinda stoma, uye mazhinji acho ndiwo ekutanga mhando.
Kana mushonga ukapfapfaidzwa pamusoro pezvirimwa kana zvipembenene, wakisi pamusoro pezvirimwa netwupukanana unoita kuti zviome kuti madonhwe emushonga apinde nekunamatira, nokudaro mvura yemishonga inorasika uye kushanda kwayo kunodzikira zvakanyanya.Naizvozvo, kunyorova uye kupera kwekugadzirira kwemishonga yezvipembenene mushure mekunatswa kwemvura kune simba guru pakubudirira.Imwe yenzira dzekuvandudza kushanda kwayo ndeye kushandisa surfactants nekunyorova kwakanaka uye kupera.
Iko kushandiswa kwezvinowedzera zvakadaro kunogona kupa kutamba kwakazara kune kushanda kwemishonga yezvipembenene, kwete kungovandudza mashandisirwo emishonga yezvipembenene, asi zvakare kuderedza kusvibiswa kunharaunda, kuramba kushata kwemamiriro ekunze pachikumbiro, nekuvandudza kushanda kwayo.Semuenzaniso, kune kabichi, scallion nemimwe miriwo yewakisi, mushonga wezvipembenene uri nyore kudonha.Wedzera silicone, orange peel yakakosha mafuta, Bayer dichloride, nezvimwewo mumvura, mhedzisiro yacho yakanaka kwazvo.
Sezvipembenene zvepyrethroid zvakanyoreswa zvakanyanya, Bayer dipyridamole iri nyore kushandisa uye ine chengetedzo yakanaka;panguva imwe chete, inogona kudzivirira nekudzora zvipembenene zvikuru nezviduku;ine mari uye ine chiyero chepamusoro chekupinza-yekubuda;ine zviri pachena synergistic effect kana yakasanganiswa nemamwe mishonga yezvipembenene;ine simba rinopinza uye inogona kukurumidza kudonhedza tupukanana!
Minefield 3 - Misapplication
Inonyanya kukosha nguva uye nzira yekushandisa.
1. Nguva yekushandisa isina kukodzera
Varimi vazhinji havana kujaira kushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene kudzamara zvirwere nezvipembenene zvanyanya.Semuenzaniso, nguva yakanakisa yekudzora Pieris rapae ndeye kushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene pamberi pechipiri chegonye, nepo vamwe varimi vanongoshandisa mishonga yezvipembenene kana Pieris rapae yakura kusvika mukuchembera.Panguva ino, kukuvadzwa kwePieris rapae kwakakanganisa kukura kwezvirimwa uye kwakakonzera kurasikirwa.
2. Nzira isina kururama yekushandisa
Vamwe varimi vanonetsekana kuti maitiro ekudzora haana kunaka, saka vanowedzera dosage pamadiro.Vanofunga kuti iyo yakakura dosage uye nguva zhinji yavanoishandisa, zviri nani kudzora mhedzisiro ichava.Izvi hazvizongokonzeresa zvakasara zvemishonga yezvipembenene, asi zvakare zvinowedzera kurwisa kwezvirwere uye zvipembenene.Zvinotonyanya kukosha, zviri nyore kwazvo kukonzera kukuvara kwemishonga yezvipembenene.
Kuti uchengetedze basa, vamwe vanhu vanosanganisa neupofu marudzi ese efungicides, zvipembenene, foliar fetireza, zvinomera kukura kwezvirimwa zvichingodaro.Vanofunga kuti kusanganiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene kwakawanda, kudzora kuchava kuri nani.Izvi zvinoita kuti zvirimwa zvikuvadzwe nemishonga yezvipembenene uye varimi vanorasikirwa.
Naizvozvo, isu tinofanirwa kushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene zvinoenderana nedosi yakatemwa, nzira, kuwanda uye nguva yekuchengetedza.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-16-2021