Ngo-2020, izigameko zokubulala izinambuzane ezingamanga nezingaphakeme zivame ukudalulwa.Izibulala-zinambuzane ezingamanga azigcini nje ngokuphazamisa imakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane, kodwa futhi ziletha ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kubalimi abaningi.
Okokuqala, Iyini i-pesticide mbumbulu?
Isigaba 44 se-Article 44 se-China “Regulations on the administration of pesticides” sithi: “noma isiphi kwalezi zimo ezilandelayo siyothathwa njengesibulala-zinambuzane esingumgunyathi: (1) isibulala-zinambuzane esingeyona izinambuzane sidluliselwa njengesibulala-zinambuzane;(2) lesi sibulala-zinambuzane sidluliselwa njengesinye isibulala-zinambuzane;(3) izinhlobo zezithako ezisebenzayo eziqukethwe kusibulala-zinambuzane azihambisani nezithako ezisebenzayo ezimakwe kulebula nemanuwali yemiyalo yesibulala-zinambuzane.Izibulala-zinambuzane ezivinjelwe, izibulala-zinambuzane ezikhiqizwayo noma ezingeniswe kwamanye amazwe ngaphandle kokubhaliswa ngokusemthethweni kwezibulala-zinambuzane, nezibulala-zinambuzane ezingenazo amalebula zizophathwa njengezibulala-zinambuzane ezingamanga.
Okwesibili, Izindlela ezilula zokuhlukanisa izibulala-zinambuzane ezingamanga neziphansi.
Izindlela zokuhlukanisa izibulala-zinambuzane ezingamanga neziphansi zifinyezwa njengezilandelayo ukuze kubhekiselwe kuzo.
1. Khomba kusukela kulebula yesibulala-zinambuzane nokubukeka kwephakheji
● Igama lesibulala-zinambuzane: igama lomkhiqizo elikulebula kufanele libonise igama elivamile lesibulala-zinambuzane, okuhlanganisa negama elivamile ngesiShayina nangesiNgisi, kanye nephesenti lokuqukethwe kanye nefomu lomthamo.Isibulala-zinambuzane esingenisiwe kufanele sibe negama lokuhweba.
● Hlola “izitifiketi ezintathu”: “izitifiketi ezintathu” zibhekisela enambeni yesitifiketi esijwayelekile somkhiqizo, inombolo yesitifiketi selayisensi yokukhiqiza (UKUVUMA) kanye nenombolo yesitifiketi sokubhaliswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane zomkhiqizo.Uma zingekho izitifiketi ezintathu noma izitifiketi ezintathu zingaphelele, isibulala-zinambuzane asifanelekile.
● Buza ilebula yesibulala-zinambuzane, ilebula eyodwa yekhodi ye-QR ihambisana neyunithi yokuthengisa nokupakisha okuwukuphela kwayo.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ulwazi lwesitifiketi sokubhaliswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, iwebhusayithi yebhizinisi lokukhiqiza izibulala-zinambuzane, ilayisense yokukhiqiza izibulala-zinambuzane, izikhathi zokubuza imibuzo, ukubhaliswa kwangempela kwezimboni nezohwebo kwebhizinisi lokukhiqiza kungasiza ukwahlulela ukuthi isibulala-zinambuzane siyiqiniso noma cha.
● Izithako ezisebenzayo, okuqukethwe kanye nesisindo sesibulala-zinambuzane: uma izithako, okuqukethwe kanye nesisindo sesibulala-zinambuzane kungqubuzana nokuhlonza, singakhonjwa njengesibulala-zinambuzane esingumgunyathi noma esiphansi.
● Umbala welebula yesibulala-zinambuzane: ilebula eliluhlaza liyisibulala-zinambuzane, elibomvu liyisibulala-zinambuzane, elimnyama liyisibulala-sikhunta, eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka liyisibulala-zinambuzane, futhi eliphuzi liyisilawuli sokukhula kwezitshalo.Uma umbala welebula ungahambisani, isibulala-zinambuzane esingumgunyathi.
● Ukusebenzisa Imanuwali: ngenxa yokugxila okuhlukene kohlobo olufanayo lwemithi ekhiqizwa abakhiqizi abahlukene, izindlela zokuyisebenzisa azifani, ngaphandle kwalokho izibulala-zinambuzane mbumbulu.
● Izimpawu zobungozi nezinyathelo zokuphepha: uma lungekho uphawu lobuthi, izimpawu ezisemqoka nezindlela zosizo lokuqala, i-aphorism yokuphepha, isikhathi sokuphepha kanye nezidingo ezikhethekile zokugcinwa, isibulala-zinambuzane singakhonjwa njengesibulala-zinambuzane esingumgunyathi.
2. Thola ngokubukeka kwesibulala-zinambuzane
● Impushana kanye nempushana emanzi kuyoba yimpushana exegayo ibe nombala ofanayo futhi ingabi ne-agglomeration.Uma kukhona i-caking noma izinhlayiya eziningi, kusho ukuthi kuthinteke ngomswakama.Uma umbala ungalingani, kusho ukuthi isibulala-zinambuzane asifanelekile.
● Amafutha e-emulsion kufanele abe uketshezi olufanayo ngaphandle kwemvula noma ukumiswa.Uma kuvela i-stratification kanye ne-turbidity, noma i-emulsion ehlanjululwe ngamanzi ayifani, noma kukhona ukugxilwa kwe-emulsifiable kanye ne-precipitates, umkhiqizo uyisibulala-zinambuzane esingafanelekile.
● I-emulsion yokumiswa kufanele ibe yi-mobile suspension futhi ingabi ne-caking.Kungase kube nenani elincane le-stratification ngemva kokugcinwa isikhathi eside, kodwa kufanele libuyiselwe ngemva kokuzamazama.Uma isimo singahambisani nalokhu okungenhla, isibulala-zinambuzane esingafanelekile.
● Uma ithebhulethi yokufuthwa isesimweni sempushana futhi ishintsha ukuma komuthi wokuqala, kubonisa ukuthi umuthi uthintwe umswakama futhi awufaneleki.
● Isixazululo esinamanzi kufanele sibe uketshezi olulinganayo ngaphandle kwemvula noma izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe.Ngokuvamile, alikho imvula ewubhuqu ngemva kokuhlanjululwa ngamanzi.
● Ama-granules kufanele afane ngosayizi futhi akufanele abe nezimpushana eziningi.
Okungenhla kunezindlela ezimbalwa ezilula zokuhlonza izibulala-zinambuzane ezingamanga neziphansi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho uthenga imikhiqizo yezolimo, kungcono ukuya eyunithi noma emakethe enendawo engashintshi yebhizinisi, idumela elihle, kanye “nelayisensi yebhizinisi”.Okwesibili, lapho uthenga imikhiqizo yezolimo efana nezibulala-zinambuzane nembewu, kufanele ucele ama-invoyisi asemthethweni noma izitifiketi uma kwenzeka kuba nezinkinga zekhwalithi esikhathini esizayo, Ingasetshenziswa njengesisekelo sesikhalazo.
Okwesithathu, Izici ezijwayelekile zezibulala-zinambuzane mbumbulu
Izibulala-zinambuzane ezingamanga ngokuvamile zinezici ezilandelayo:
① Uphawu lokuhweba olubhalisiwe alufanisiwe;
② Kuneziqubulo eziningi zokukhangisa, eziqukethe ulwazi "lokuqinisekisa isivuno esikhulu, esingenabuthi, esingenabungozi, akukho zinsalela".
③ Iqukethe okuqukethwe inkulumo-ze yenkampani yomshuwalense kanye nesikhangiso.
④ Iqukethe amagama alulaza eminye imikhiqizo, noma izincazelo eziqhathanisa ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha nezinye izibulala-zinambuzane.
⑤ Kunamagama nezithombe ezephula imithetho yokusetshenziswa ngokuphephile kwezibulala-zinambuzane.
⑥ Ilebula iqukethe okuqukethwe okufakazela egameni noma esithombeni samayunithi ocwaningo lwesibulala-zinambuzane, amayunithi okuvikela izitshalo, izikhungo zezemfundo noma ochwepheshe, abasebenzisi, “njengezincomo zochwepheshe abathile”.
⑦ Kukhona “imali mbuyiselo engavumelekile, ukubhala phansi kweNkampani Yomshwalensi” namanye amagama esibophelelo.
Okwesibili, Izibonelo zezibulala-zinambuzane ezingamanga ezivamile e-China
① I-Metalaxyl-M·Hymexazol 50% AS isibulala-zinambuzane esingumgunyathi.Ngesikhathi somhla zingama-26 kuJan 2021, kunezinhlobo ezingu-8 zemikhiqizo ye-Metalaxyl-M·Hymexazol egunyazwe futhi yabhaliswa e-China okuhlanganisa u-3%, 30% no-32%.Kodwa i-Metalaxyl-M·Hymexazol 50% AS ayikaze ivunyelwe.
② Njengamanje, wonke ama-“Dibromophos” athengiswa emakethe e-China ayizibulala-zinambuzane ezingamanga.Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-Diazinon ne-Dibromon yizibulala-zinambuzane ezimbili ezihlukene futhi akufanele zidideke.Njengamanje, kunemikhiqizo ye-Diazinon engama-62 evunyelwe futhi yabhaliswa e-China.
③ I-Liuyangmycin isibulala-magciwane esinesakhiwo se-macrolide esikhiqizwe i-Streptomyces griseus Liuyang var.griseus.I-acaricide ene-spectrum ebanzi enobuthi obuphansi kanye nezinsalela, ezingalawula ngempumelelo izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezibungu ezitshalweni ezihlukahlukene.Njengamanje, imikhiqizo ye-Liuyangmycin emakethe e-China yonke iyimithi yokubulala izinambuzane mbumbulu.
④ Kusukela ekupheleni kukaJanuwari 2021, kunemikhiqizo engu-126 yokulungiswa kwePyrimethanil evunyelwe futhi yabhaliswa e-China, kodwa ukubhaliswa kwe-Pyrimethanil FU akukagunyazwa, ngakho-ke imikhiqizo ye-Pyrimethanil intuthu (kuhlanganise nenhlanganisela equkethe i-Pyrimethanil) ethengiswa emakethe. zonke izibulala-zinambuzane mbumbulu.
Okwesihlanu, Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokuthenga izibulala-zinambuzane
Ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo abuhambisani nezitshalo zendawo;intengo iphansi kakhulu kunaleyo yemikhiqizo efanayo;okusolwa ngezibulala-zinambuzane mbumbulu nezisezingeni eliphansi.
Okwesithupha, Ukwelashwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezingamanga nezisezingeni eliphansi
Yini okufanele siyenze uma sithola izibulala-zinambuzane mbumbulu?Lapho abalimi bethola ukuthi bathenge imikhiqizo yezolimo mbumbulu nentula, kufanele baqale bathole abathengisi.Uma umdayisi engakwazi ukuxazulula inkinga, umlimi angashayela ku-“12316″ ukuze akhononde, noma aye ngokuqondile emnyangweni wokuphatha wezolimo wendawo ukuze akhononde.
Okwesikhombisa, Ubufakazi kumele bugcinwe ohlelweni lokuvikela amalungelo
① Thenga i-invoyisi.② Izikhwama zokupakisha zezinto zezolimo.③ Isiphetho sokuhlolwa kanye nerekhodi lophenyo.④ Faka isicelo sokulondolozwa kobufakazi kanye nokwaziswa kokugcinwa kobufakazi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-16-2021