Intwasahlobo iyeza.Abalimi abathandekayo, ingabe usukulungele ukulima entwasahlobo?Ingabe usukulungele isivuno esikhulu?Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi utshala ini, awukwazi ukuhamba eduze nezibulala-zinambuzane.Uke wabhekana nalolu hlobo lwesimo kokubili usebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ukubulala izinambuzane noma ukuvimbela izifo, abanye abantu bangathola umphumela osheshayo kuyilapho abanye bengasebenzi kahle.
Ngenxa yale nkinga, kungenzeka ukuthi ungene ezindaweni ezinezimayini—khetha isibulala-zinambuzane ngendlela engafanele, sebenzisa isibulala-zinambuzane ngokungalungile, futhi uxube izibulala-zinambuzane ngokungalungile.Kunemininingwane eminingi okulula ukuyiziba kulezi zinkundla zamabhomu.Woza uzobona ukuthi ukhona yini?
I-Minefield 1 - ukukhetha okungalungile kwezibulala-zinambuzane
Ukuze bagweme ukukhetha izibulala-zinambuzane ezingalungile, abangani abangabalimi kudingeka banake ukulandela izinto—bahlonze izibulala-zinambuzane eziyiqiniso, ukushintshaniswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, nokusho okukhethekile ngalesi sifo!
1. Thola izibulala-zinambuzane eziyiqiniso
Ukuthenga izibulala-zinambuzane ezingamanga noma izibulala-zinambuzane ezisezingeni eliphansi, ngokuqinisekile kuzoba nomphumela omubi futhi kuzodala ukulahlekelwa okukhulu.Ngabe likhona yini ikhono lokuthenga izibulala-zinambuzane zangempela?
Okokuqala, lapho uthenga izibulala-zinambuzane kufanele sibone ngokucacile mayelana nelebula, inombolo yesitifiketi, kanye nosuku ephaketheni.Zama ukuthenga izibulala-zinambuzane ezikhiqizwa abakhiqizi abakhulu.Futhi uye kulezo zitolo zezolimo ezinedumela eliphezulu, ulwazi lobuchwepheshe nokusebenza okujwayelekile.
2. Ukuzungezisa izibulala-zinambuzane
Imikhiqizo emihle yezibulala-zinambuzane kufanele isetshenziswe ngokushintshana.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lwezitshalo, ukusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi esisodwa noma eside kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezifanayo noma eziningana ezinezimpawu ezifanayo kuzothuthukisa ukumelana nezinambuzane futhi kunciphise umphumela wokulawula.Ukusebenzisa eminye imikhiqizo noma izibulala-zinambuzane eziyinhlanganisela kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ingozi yokungazweli emishanguzweni.
3. Thenga izibulala-zinambuzane ngokwezimpawu
Abanye abantu bayathanda ukulandela uma bethenga izibulala-zinambuzane ngaphandle kokubheka ukuthi izinambuzane ezifanayo noma izifo.Bavele balandele ukuthenga lokho abanye abakuthengayo, futhi bashintshele komunye noma bengeze eminye imikhiqizo uma umphumela ungemuhle.Ngenxa yalokho, isibulala-zinambuzane nezifo akufani.Ungavimbeli izifo noma izinambuzane, noma ubambezele isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuvimbela nokulawula.Futhi kuzoba nokulimala kwezidakamizwa.
Ngakho-ke, funda kabanzi futhi ubone okwengeziwe, khulisa awakho amehlo okuhlonza.Qala uhlole izinambuzane noma izifo, bese uya kubakhiqizi abasemthethweni noma ezitolo zezolimo ukuze ukhethe imikhiqizo ngokuqondile!
I-Minefield 2 - Indlela yokusebenzisa kabi
Kuphinde kube nenkinga okulula ukungazinaki—ukuhlanganisa okuphusile kwezithasiselo.Ukumuncwa kwangaphakathi, ukuvuthwa kanye nokusebenza kwezibulala-zinambuzane kunomthelela omkhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwayo.Ukuqoqwa okunengqondo kwezithasiselo kuhambisana nomphumela wezibulala-zinambuzane.
1. Indlela yokumuncwa kwangaphakathi
I-pesticide imuncwa ezitshalweni ngezimpande, iziqu, amaqabunga nembewu, futhi ihlakazeke futhi isakazeke ngaphakathi, ukuze ikwazi ukugcina isikhathi esithile, noma ikhiqize ama-metabolites e-pesticide anomsebenzi onamandla wokubulala izinambuzane.Izinambuzane ziyafa lapho zidla izicubu zezitshalo zokwelapha noma ubisi.
2. Indlela ye-Permeation
Izibulala-zinambuzane zingena ngongqimba olungaphezulu (i-cuticle) lwezitshalo.Indlela yokungena ingahlukaniswa cishe ibe yi-cuticle ehlabayo kanye ne-stoma engena, futhi iningi lazo liwuhlobo lokuqala.
Lapho isibulala-zinambuzane sifafazwa phezu kwezitshalo noma izinambuzane, ungqimba lwe-wax ebusweni bezitshalo nezinambuzane lwenza kube nzima ngamaconsi ezinambuzane ukuba angene futhi abambelele, ngakho uketshezi lwesibulala-zinambuzane luyalahleka futhi ukusebenza kahle kuyehla kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, ukumanzisa kanye nokungeneka kokulungiswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ngemva kokuhlanjululwa kwamanzi kunomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kahle.Enye yezindlela zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle ukusebenzisa ama-surfactants anokumanzisa okuhle nokungena kwamanzi.
Ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwezithasiselo ezinjalo kunganikeza ukusebenza okugcwele ekusebenzeni kahle kwezibulala-zinambuzane, kungathuthukisi nje kuphela ukusebenza kahle kwezibulala-zinambuzane, kodwa futhi kunciphise ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, kumelane nezimo zezulu ezingezinhle ekusetshenzisweni, futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle.Isibonelo, iklabishi, i-scallion kanye neminye imifino ye-waxy, isibulala-zinambuzane esiwuketshezi kulula ukusikhipha.Engeza abicah, ikhasi orange amafutha abalulekile, Bayer dichloride, njll oketshezini, umphumela muhle kakhulu.
Njengesibulala-zinambuzane se-pyrethroid esibhaliswe kakhulu, i-Bayer dipyridamole kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi inokuphepha okuhle kakhulu;ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingavimbela futhi ilawule izinambuzane ezinkulu nezincane;iyonga futhi inezinga eliphezulu lokungenayo;inomphumela osobala we-synergistic uma ixutshwe nezinye izibulala-zinambuzane;inokungena okuqinile futhi ingawisa ngokushesha izinambuzane!
I-Minefield 3 - Ukusebenzisa kabi
Ngokuyinhloko isikhathi kanye nendlela yokufaka isicelo.
1. Isikhathi sokufaka isicelo esingalungile
Abalimi abaningi abajwayele ukusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane kuze kube yilapho izifo nezinambuzane ziyingozi.Isibonelo, isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokulawula i-Pieris rapae ukusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ngaphambi kwesigaba sesibili sezibungu, kuyilapho abanye abalimi basebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane kuphela lapho i-Pieris rapae isikhulile.Ngalesi sikhathi, ukulimala kwe-Pieris rapae kuthinte ukukhula kwezitshalo futhi kubangele nokulahlekelwa.
2. Indlela yokufaka engalungile
Abanye abalimi bakhathazeka ngokuthi umphumela wokulawula awumuhle, ngakho bandisa umthamo ngokuthanda kwabo.Bacabanga ukuthi uma umthamo umkhulu futhi izikhathi eziningi bewusebenzisa, umphumela wokulawula uzoba ngcono.Lokhu ngeke nje kubangele izinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane ngokweqile, kodwa futhi kuzothuthukisa ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane.Okubaluleke nakakhulu, kulula kakhulu ukudala umonakalo wezibulala-zinambuzane.
Ukuze usindise abasebenzi, abanye abantu baxuba ngobumpumputhe zonke izinhlobo zokubulala isikhunta, izibulala-zinambuzane, umanyolo we-foliar, izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo nokunye.Bacabanga ukuthi uma izibulala-zinambuzane zixutshwa kakhulu, umphumela wokulawula uzoba ngcono.Ngenxa yalokho, izitshalo zithola umonakalo wezibulala-zinambuzane futhi abalimi bathola ukulahlekelwa.
Ngakho-ke, kufanele sisebenzise izibulala-zinambuzane ngokwesilinganiso esinqunyiwe, indlela, imvamisa kanye nesikhawu sokuphepha.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-16-2021